1990s - The first generation of tools

Email transforms communication

The 1990s saw the widespread adoption of email, revolutionising diplomatic and professional communication. Instant, asynchronous messaging replaced the slow pace of letters and faxes, enabling faster decision-making and cross-border collaboration.

The Web goes public

With the advent of the World Wide Web and browsers like Netscape, information became more accessible than ever. Governments, organisations, and individuals could share and retrieve information globally, laying the groundwork for digital diplomacy.